Which spina bifida type is characterized by an uncovered defect with elevated AFP levels?

Which spina bifida type is characterized by an uncovered defect with elevated AFP levels?

• A. Aperta
• B. Occulta
• C. Encephalocele
• D. Meningocele

Answer: (B)

Open spina bifida shows an exposed spinal defect where neural tissue or meninges protrude through the vertebral gap. When the defect is uncovered, the fetal tissues are in direct contact with the amniotic fluid, allowing AFP to leak and rise in the amniotic fluid and maternal serum. This elevated AFP is a hallmark of open neural tube defects. In contrast, occult spina bifida is closed and skin-covered, so AFP levels are typically normal. Encephalocele is a cranial defect, not spinal, and meningocele usually involves a sac that may be covered by skin, not an exposed opening. Therefore, the description points to open spina bifida.

Open spina bifida shows an exposed spinal defect where neural tissue or meninges protrude through the vertebral gap. When the defect is uncovered, the fetal tissues are in direct contact with the amniotic fluid, allowing AFP to leak and rise in the amniotic fluid and maternal serum. This elevated AFP is a hallmark of open neural tube defects. In contrast, occult spina bifida is closed and skin-covered, so AFP levels are typically normal. Encephalocele is a cranial defect, not spinal, and meningocele usually involves a sac that may be covered by skin, not an exposed opening. Therefore, the description points to open spina bifida.